A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a re-programmable logic device used as
a re-programmable alternative to ASIC chip devices. FPGAs can be used for specific
operational behavior, or general purpose CPU functionality depending on the complexity
of the device.
Alteras NiosII is a soft processor, dened in a hardware description language, which can
be implemented in Alteras FPGA devices by using the Quartus RII CAD system. To
implement a useful system it is necessary to add other funcional units such as memories,
input/output interfaces, timers, and communications interfaces. To facilitate the
implementation of such systems, it is useful to have computer-aided-design (CAD)
software for implementing a system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC). Alteras SOPC
Builder is the software needed for this task.
Nios 2 processor archtecture
First download nios2 soft processor into Altera de2 board by using byte blaster or some interfacing software.Then open nios2 eclipse software and start new project in c++.don't forget to point the instance of your soft processor instance then it will creates project corresponded to your processor. then copy the below code.build it and run as nios 2 software.then it will encrypt your input text into cipher text with given key size and key.
Eclipse ide when running program.output results will show in nios2 terminal
==================================Code============================================
#include <stdio.h>
#include <alt_types.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <system.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
clock_t startm, stopm;
#define START if ( (startm = clock()) == -1) {printf("Error calling clock");exit(1);}
#define STOP if ( (stopm = clock()) == -1) {printf("Error calling clock");exit(1);}
#define PRINTTIME printf( "%6.3f seconds used by the processor.", ((double)stopm-startm)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
// The number of columns comprising a state in AES. This is a constant in AES. Value=4
#define Nb 4
// The number of rounds in AES Cipher. It is simply initiated to zero. The actual value is recieved in the program.
int Nr=0;
// The number of 32 bit words in the key. It is simply initiated to zero. The actual value is recieved in the program.
int Nk=0;
unsigned char in[16], out[16], state[4][4];
unsigned char RoundKey[240];
unsigned char Key[32];#define MenuCase(letter,proc) case letter:proc; break;
#ifdef DMA_NAME
static volatile int rx_done = 0;
#endif /* DMA_NAME */static void MenuHeader(void)
{
printf("\n\n");
printf(" <----> Aes Test Programm. <---->\n");
printf("This software example tests the execution time of aes algorithm\n");
printf("Enter operation.\n");
}static void MenuBegin( char *title )
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf("%s\n",title);
printf("----------------------------------\n");
}static void MenuItem( char letter, char *name )
{
printf(" %c: %s\n" ,letter, name);
}void GetInputString( char* entry, int size, FILE * stream )
{
int i;
int ch = 0;for(i = 0; (ch != '\n') && (i < size); )
{
if( (ch = getc(stream)) != '\r')
{
entry[i] = ch;
i++;
}
}
}static int MenuEnd( char lowLetter, char highLetter )
{
static char entry[4];
static char ch;printf(" q: Exit\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf("\nSelect Choice (%c-%c): [Followed by <enter>]",lowLetter,highLetter);GetInputString( entry, sizeof(entry), stdin );
if(sscanf(entry, "%c\n", &ch))
{
if( ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' )
ch += 'a' - 'A';
if( ch == 27 )
ch = 'q';
}
return ch;
}static int TopMenu( void )
{
char ch;/* Print the top-level menu to stdout */
while (1)
{
MenuBegin(" AES Main Menu ");
MenuItem( 'a', "Test AES" );
MenuItem( 'b', "Test Rsa");
#ifdef EPCS_CONTROLLER_NAME
MenuItem( 'c', "Test EPCS Serial Flash");
ch = MenuEnd( 'a', 'c' );
#else
ch = MenuEnd( 'a', 'b' );
#endif /* EPCS_CONTROLLER_NAME */switch(ch)
{
MenuCase('a',TestRam());
//MenuCase('b',TestFlash(TEST, CFI));
#ifdef EPCS_CONTROLLER_NAME
#endif
case 'q': break;
default: printf("\n -ERROR: %c is an invalid entry. Please try again\n", ch); break;
}
if (ch == 'q')
break;
printf("\nPress enter to continue...\n");
while( (( ch = getc(stdin)) != '\n' ) && ( ch != EOF ));}
return (ch);
}static int TestRam()
{
printf("AES Running..........\n");START;
int i=0;
for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
{
runAes();
}
STOP;
PRINTTIME;printf("elaaaaaa");
}int main(void)
{int ch;
/* Print the Header */
MenuHeader();
/* Print the menu and do what the user requests, until they hit 'q' */
while (1)
{
ch = TopMenu();
if (ch == 'q')
{
printf( "\nExiting from Memory Test.\n");
break;
}
}
return (0);
}int getSBoxValue(int num)
{
int sbox[256] = {
//0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, //0
0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, //1
0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, //2
0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, //3
0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, //4
0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, //5
0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, //6
0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, //7
0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, //8
0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, //9
0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, //A
0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, //B
0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, //C
0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, //D
0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, //E
0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16 }; //F
return sbox[num];
}// The round constant word array, Rcon[i], contains the values given by
// x to th e power (i-1) being powers of x (x is denoted as {02}) in the field GF(28)
// Note that i starts at 1, not 0).
int Rcon[255] = {
0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a,
0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39,
0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a,
0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8,
0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef,
0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc,
0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b,
0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3,
0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94,
0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20,
0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35,
0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f,
0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63,
0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd,
0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb };// This function produces Nb(Nr+1) round keys. The round keys are used in each round to encrypt the states.
void KeyExpansion()
{
int i,j;
unsigned char temp[4],k;// The first round key is the key itself.
for(i=0;i<Nk;i++)
{
RoundKey[i*4]=Key[i*4];
RoundKey[i*4+1]=Key[i*4+1];
RoundKey[i*4+2]=Key[i*4+2];
RoundKey[i*4+3]=Key[i*4+3];
}// All other round keys are found from the previous round keys.
while (i < (Nb * (Nr+1)))
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
temp[j]=RoundKey[(i-1) * 4 + j];
}
if (i % Nk == 0)
{
// This function rotates the 4 bytes in a word to the left once.
// [a0,a1,a2,a3] becomes [a1,a2,a3,a0]// Function RotWord()
{
k = temp[0];
temp[0] = temp[1];
temp[1] = temp[2];
temp[2] = temp[3];
temp[3] = k;
}// SubWord() is a function that takes a four-byte input word and
// applies the S-box to each of the four bytes to produce an output word.// Function Subword()
{
temp[0]=getSBoxValue(temp[0]);
temp[1]=getSBoxValue(temp[1]);
temp[2]=getSBoxValue(temp[2]);
temp[3]=getSBoxValue(temp[3]);
}temp[0] = temp[0] ^ Rcon[i/Nk];
}
else if (Nk > 6 && i % Nk == 4)
{
// Function Subword()
{
temp[0]=getSBoxValue(temp[0]);
temp[1]=getSBoxValue(temp[1]);
temp[2]=getSBoxValue(temp[2]);
temp[3]=getSBoxValue(temp[3]);
}
}
RoundKey[i*4+0] = RoundKey[(i-Nk)*4+0] ^ temp[0];
RoundKey[i*4+1] = RoundKey[(i-Nk)*4+1] ^ temp[1];
RoundKey[i*4+2] = RoundKey[(i-Nk)*4+2] ^ temp[2];
RoundKey[i*4+3] = RoundKey[(i-Nk)*4+3] ^ temp[3];
i++;
}
}// This function adds the round key to state.
// The round key is added to the state by an XOR function.
void AddRoundKey(int round)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
state[j][i] ^= RoundKey[round * Nb * 4 + i * Nb + j];
}
}
}// The SubBytes Function Substitutes the values in the
// state matrix with values in an S-box.
void SubBytes()
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
state[i][j] = getSBoxValue(state[i][j]);}
}
}// The ShiftRows() function shifts the rows in the state to the left.
// Each row is shifted with different offset.
// Offset = Row number. So the first row is not shifted.
void ShiftRows()
{
unsigned char temp;// Rotate first row 1 columns to left
temp=state[1][0];
state[1][0]=state[1][1];
state[1][1]=state[1][2];
state[1][2]=state[1][3];
state[1][3]=temp;// Rotate second row 2 columns to left
temp=state[2][0];
state[2][0]=state[2][2];
state[2][2]=temp;temp=state[2][1];
state[2][1]=state[2][3];
state[2][3]=temp;// Rotate third row 3 columns to left
temp=state[3][0];
state[3][0]=state[3][3];
state[3][3]=state[3][2];
state[3][2]=state[3][1];
state[3][1]=temp;
}// xtime is a macro that finds the product of {02} and the argument to xtime modulo {1b}
#define xtime(x) ((x<<1) ^ (((x>>7) & 1) * 0x1b))// MixColumns function mixes the columns of the state matrix
void MixColumns()
{
int i;
unsigned char Tmp,Tm,t;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
t=state[0][i];
Tmp = state[0][i] ^ state[1][i] ^ state[2][i] ^ state[3][i] ;
Tm = state[0][i] ^ state[1][i] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); state[0][i] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
Tm = state[1][i] ^ state[2][i] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); state[1][i] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
Tm = state[2][i] ^ state[3][i] ; Tm = xtime(Tm); state[2][i] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
Tm = state[3][i] ^ t ; Tm = xtime(Tm); state[3][i] ^= Tm ^ Tmp ;
}
}// Cipher is the main function that encrypts the PlainText.
void Cipher()
{
int i,j,round=0;//Copy the input PlainText to state array.
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
state[j][i] = in[i*4 + j];
}
}// Add the First round key to the state before starting the rounds.
AddRoundKey(0);// There will be Nr rounds.
// The first Nr-1 rounds are identical.
// These Nr-1 rounds are executed in the loop below.
for(round=1;round<Nr;round++)
{
SubBytes();
ShiftRows();
MixColumns();
AddRoundKey(round);
}// The last round is given below.
// The MixColumns function is not here in the last round.
SubBytes();
ShiftRows();
AddRoundKey(Nr);// The encryption process is over.
// Copy the state array to output array.
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
out[i*4+j]=state[j][i];
}
}
}
static int runAes()
{
int i;// Recieve the length of key here.
while(Nr!=128 && Nr!=192 && Nr!=256)
{
//printf("Enter the length of Key(128, 192 or 256 only): ");
//scanf("%d",&Nr);
Nr=256;
}
// Calculate Nk and Nr from the recieved value.
Nk = Nr / 32;
Nr = Nk + 6;// Part 1 is for demonstrative purpose. The key and plaintext are given in the program itself.
// Part 1: ********************************************************// The array temp stores the key.
// The array temp2 stores the plaintext.
unsigned char temp[32] = {0x00 ,0x01 ,0x02 ,0x03 ,0x04 ,0x05 ,0x06 ,0x07 ,0x08 ,0x09 ,0x0a ,0x0b ,0x0c ,0x0d ,0x0e ,0x0f};
unsigned char temp2[32]= {0x00 ,0x11 ,0x22 ,0x33 ,0x44 ,0x55 ,0x66 ,0x77 ,0x88 ,0x99 ,0xaa ,0xbb ,0xcc ,0xdd ,0xee ,0xff};// Copy the Key and PlainText
for(i=0;i<Nk*4;i++)
{
Key[i]=temp[i];
in[i]=temp2[i];
}// The KeyExpansion routine must be called before encryption.
KeyExpansion();// The next function call encrypts the PlainText with the Key using AES algorithm.
Cipher();// Output the encrypted text.
printf("\nText after encryption:\n");
for(i=0;i<Nb*4;i++)
{
printf("%02x ",out[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}//=============================End of Code=============================================
